The Impact Of Vatsu Shastra

The Impact Of Vatsu Shastra Shelter is one of the basic needs for Human beings. People spend much of their time in their homes. Therefore comfort and environmental conditions are important aspects of a house. Vastu Shastra is the science of building and an art of balancing the structure with environment. Recently the ancient Vastu culture has gained a significant role in the planning and orientation of residential and commercial buildings in India. However in contemporary India this ancient practice is being termed as myth or occult by the majority .Still this practise proves to be extremely popular with contemporary clients, who insist on their house being built and designed as per Vastu Shastra. This thesis deals with Vastu Shastras fundamental rules of architecture which are based on now proven scientific facts and addresses them to todays architectural and interior design practices. The aim is to prove that Vastu Shastra has a scientific background with a practical application and is not just a superstition .The purpose is to remove the fears in the mind of the people about the misconception of Vastu Shastra and its tenets, the fear created by consultants by threats of destruction, death, disease and miserable life. Therefore, knowing and applying the rules of Vastu Shastra would be extremely beneficial for any modern day Architect and/or Interior Designer in India. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.1 The thesis contains four chapters. The first chapter introduces Vastu Shastra and its rules governed by the various elements of nature .This chapter discuss the history and the present of Vastu shastra in India. The second chapter discusses the occult aspect of Vastu .It is an attempt to reason out why people have an impression of Vastu as a superstition and to enlighten and encourage the reader to study Vastu Shastra with an open mind and demystify its occult garb. The third chapter puts forward various issues dealing with environmental relevance of Vastu Shastras rules and their scientific backgrounds. It reveals two important aspects of the relevance of solar energy and geomagnetic energy with Vastu .The first part displays the vector analysis of the varying directional solar energy field as implored on stationary geomagnetic flux. The second part explains the correlation between the movement of the sub atomic particles and the electromagnetic flux. The fourth chapter discusses an ideal Vastu layout and also presents a case study of a contemporary residential project with the application of Vastu rules. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.2 Chapter 1.Vastu Shastra in India 1.History Vastu Shastra is an ancient building science that governed the Indian architecture in the Vedic times. Vastu means building and Shastra means the science so in essence it is the building science. It explains the basis of creating spaces in respect to its surrounding. Vastu Shastra originated around 3000 BC. It was first mentioned in the ancient Hindu scriptures like Rig Veda, Mahabharata etc. In primitive India, education, medication, horoscopy, astrophysics, occultism, metaphysics and religiousness lived in complaisant proximity, their borders superimposing and one enhancing the other. The rules of Vastu Shastra and environmental reflections in residential buildings were established considering the cosmic influence of the Sun, wind direction, magnetic field of the earth and the impact of cosmos on the Earth. House building design, including its internal and external environment, has customarily been the duty of the architects. Vastu Shastra scriptures were written in the olden days when architecture was essentially for the rulers, the nobles and for the divine structures. The fundamental architectural Rules namely climate, orientations, functions, planning, etc are now being overlooked by the architects and designers. Especially in India, the very fact of buying and owning a house is considered as a sign of high class belonging to community and status in the society. Considering environmental factors in buildings is as old as the architecture, the Vastu and the Vedic Era. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.3 With the guidelines of Vastu Shastra the architects can design buildings in such a way that it will bring good health, wealth and peace to the inmates. Man builds the city so that the city shall build its dwellers. (Bhaskar1998) The upcoming occupation of architecture has outcast the Vastu Vidya or the customary Indian wisdom of architecture. Vastu Shastra is as aged as knowledge itself, but the practise of the Vastu Consultants is a fairly new and modified one, it addresses only a part of this science. It is time Vastu Shastra is made free of its mysterious guise and exhibited as a rational and judicious branch of knowledge. Vastu Shastra is furthermore distinguished by the Vastu Pundits (experts) and is termed as The Edifice Science (implication of the rules of this science while designing a building will assuredly bring peace and prosperity to its occupiers) Vastu Shastra has been acknowledged as a science derived from the study of nature and the supernatural by the prehistoric Aryan sages.Vastu Shastra takes into account the influences of the sun, its light and heat. It considers the impacts of earths electromagnetic field, bio-chemical effects in a human body, in order to lead a healthy and prosperous life. Advanced study in neuro-science has proved that the Sun, the Moon and the Planets which are the cosmic counter-parts, have a one-to-one relevance to the various fragments of the human brain. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.4 Hence, the Vedic formula for the orientation of the dwelling towards the east is to achieve the benefits of the morning sun and a perfect square house with a central open space to avoid the scorching afternoon sun. Various ailments like insomnia, cerebral palsy, hypertension, etc experienced healing in the past 15 years with the help of Environmental energy much before it was acclaimed by the scholars of today through the study of Matsya, Mansara and many more epics and were recognised and acknowledged as science for example the military science Dhanur-Vidya The profession of the designer or the architect is absolutely mistaken with the role of the astrologer. (Sahastrabudhe 1999) Traditionally the Indian Architecture was acknowledged as unique and was not subject to be analysed by the western examples. The fundamental rules of Vastu Shastra are based on two important aspects 1. The five natural elements sky, air, fire, water and earth and 2. The eight cardinal directions North, South, East ,West, North East ,North West, South East, South West. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.5 2.Fundamental concepts of Vastu Shastra The science of Vastu Shastra considers the world to be comprised of five basic elements termed as Panch Mahabhoota Vastu Pundits (experts) believed Presence of Life on earth is a result of the balance of these five elements which are present on Earth which is now proven by the modern world scientists. ( Gadge,2003,p.93-96) a.The Five elements of the Nature BHUMI (EARTH) The position of Earth is third in order from the sun. Presence of electromagnetism makes it a large magnet in the space with the North Pole and the South Pole as centres of attraction. Every living and Non living organism on Earth is influenced by its magnetic field and Gravitational pull. JALA (Water)-Water is in a liquid form and is represented by rain, ocean, sea, and river. It forms a portion of every flora and fauna. VAYU (Air) Air is considered as the foundation of life and is a supreme source of life. The comfort value of human beings is directly dependant on the balance of humidity, temperature, pressure, flow and the composition of the air and its contents. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.6 AGNI (Fire) -Fire is symbolised by light and heat which forms an indispensable part of day and night , climatic conditions, radioactivity, avidity, energy and vigour AKASHA (Space) The space or the sky shelters all the above four elements of nature. It is the primary conductor of all the sources of energy for example light, sound, social energies namely emotional and psychological and cognitive energies namely intuition and intellect. There is an unseen relationship amongst all the above five elements. Thus various human conditions can be improved by considering the effectiveness of these five basic natural forces while designing the buildings. The role of Vastu Shastra is to combine these elements of nature and balance them with the man and the matter. Taking advantage of the gifts bestowed by the nature to make a pleasant living and working conditions thereby promoting spiritual well-being and enhancing health and wealth leading to prosperity and happy living b.The Eight cardinal directions Vastu takes into consideration the eight possible directions after analysing and studying the four coordinal directions- North, South, East and West and four angular directions North East, North West, South East, South West ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page. 7 In Vastu Shastra these directions are established with the help of a tool called the Vastu compass which is a magnetic compass. The building site is first analysed with this tool and later inscribed on the layout to start the process of designing taking in consideration the Vastu principles.Vastu affirms that it helps one to tune with nature and derive its free benefits by honouring the five basic elements and the eight cardinal directions. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.8 Chapter 2. The Occult aspect of Vastu There are three important factors that influence the misconception of Vastu Shastra. 1.Personal Motives of the consultants Human mind has always been intrigued by the Occult and the supernatural. In a lot of cases the beliefs and faiths of common people have been wrongly used and abused. It is therefore important to understand when and where should one draw the line .This fear of being a victim to such immoral practices by some Vastu consultants who do not understand the subject but scare people for their advantage has created unbelief of Vastu Shastra in India. The purpose of this chapter is to clear the fears in the mind of the people about the misconception of Vastu Shastra and its tenets, the fear created by consultants by threats of destruction, death, disease and miserable life. The truth is that the original Vastu script is lost and all modern available text are only compilation, this has made Vastu a victim of unscrupulous interpretation. 2. Mythological Stories Moreover the terminology used by the ancient scholars while explaining the scientific laws of Vastu Shastra also gives rise to the superstitious aspect of its understanding. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.9 In the ancient times, the Vedas ,or the knowledge ,was limited to a particular cast of people, which is why it was difficult for a common person to understand the principles of this science, if explained in a scientific way. The wise ones used the terminology which was easy for the common man to understand so for example, when the scholars had to say that by constructing a window in a particular direction, one can make the most of the early morning sun rays, they would rather say that by placing the window in a particular direction the deity of that direction will bless them with good health and prosperity.Consequently Vastu in India is treated as a religious duty more than art of construction, which leads to the misunderstanding of its concepts. The problem starts when Vastu Shastra is mixed up with religious rituals. The wise men of yesteryears infused religion in Vastu so that people will implement it and practise it in the fear of the supernatural but today it has been misjudged and wrongly accused in the name of religion and occultism. Indian mythology tells stories of the deity of Foundation Vastu Purusha.(refer to fig.1.1) The stories in the Vedas also have a important role to play in the misconception of Vastu Shastra. There is a Fascinating story about the Vastu Purusha in the Matsya Purana. According to the Vedas, Vastu Purusha is omnipresent in the entire plot irrelevant to its size. It lies on the plot with its head down and his body folded in a peculiar fashion in order to cover the length and the width of the plot. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.10 During his battle with the demons, Lord Shiva got tired and started sweating too much and out of his drops of sweat a cruel looking hungry man was born who began to make penance to appease the deity. Lord Shiva finally was pleased with him and granted him his wish to be the strongest and largest being on Earth. He then stood between the Earth and the heavens. Terrified by this devotee the deities and the demons together pinned him down to the earth. Pitying his state Lord Shiva blessed him and made him the God of Vastu and called him the Vastu Purusha. Since then it is believed that the being is present in every plot with the deities and the demons acquiring and ruling different positions on his body. People listen and believe in such stories and overlook the science of Vastu .They do not probe into the details of Vastu science and term it as a myth. Moreover since the knowledge of Vastu was passed down from generation to generation, it has been modified and more and more stories are weaved around it to make it sound more mythological. However ancient Indian scholars were great mathematicians and also had the knowledge of geology this is shown in the next chapter, which explains the rational and practical aspect of Vastu. 3. Commercial aspect of Vastu Today new flats and apartments in newly constructed buildings are rejected if they are not built according to the Vastu concepts. In fact if your building is designed with the help of a Vastu Consultant then it becomes a USP to sell the Flats in certain parts of India! ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.11 Amusingly some buyers come with a Vastu Consultant to check if it suits their personal needs before making the decision of buying the house of their dreams. This forces the builders to employ Vastu consultants without checking the depth of your knowledge and use them as an added tag to sell their Flats who in turn mislead the customers into buying the flats. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.12 Chapter 3. Environmental relevance and scientific approach to Vastu. In this chapter I will try to delineate the traditional narrations in terms of basic laws, logic and approach of particle physics, biochemistry and energy dynamics. For correlating the significance of directions and forces in Vastu the following topics are very significant: flow characteristics of solar energy, geomagnetic, flux and thermal variations. 1. Solar radiation and its effects Whenever a structure is created it is exposed to the effects of the suns radiations. In tropical countries the south side suffers harsh heat while the north side remains in the shadow area this result in the formation of thermocouple in the space and around the house. In the tropical countries South, South East and Southwest suffer scorching heat while the North .North east and North West remain in the cool shadow section. It can be summarised that disturbance is created due to the high imbalance in the natural order of the geometric flux lines, (flux is defined as the amount of electromagnetic energy that flows through a unit area per unit time) forming nodes at the intersection of the flux lines. These nodes are points of distorted energy potential. Such dislocations trap the sub atomic particles travelling along the flux lines. These particles start resonating under specific conditions and off hazardous micro level radiation. (Mahatme,2003) These emissions have a tendency of worki ng against the existence of life forms. Vastu-Purush-Mandal represents this phenomenon as Yama (Lord of Death). ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.13 The thermal imbalance is the main cause in creating obstacles in smooth energy flow through and around the building. The comprehensive remedial measures available in Vastu Shastra try to equalise the thermal difference and provide harmonious and blissful conditions for the dweller. The wise men of the past understood this and tried to derive a solution to offset the disturbance in the south direction by the following measures. 1. Thick heavy wall on the south side 2. Blocking of the openings in the south side 3. Avoiding any slopes towards the south 4. Orienting the house in such a manner that more open spaces are available in the North and East directions 5. By planting some trees in the South for availing of humid atmosphere. 7. Raising of plinth and compound height in the south direction. If adhered to these rules one can try to create equalise the thermal differentials and create harmonious and balanced living conditions within the structure. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.14 2. Directions and Deities The four main directions namely North, South, East and West represent streams of positive and negative energies .These directions act as either the source or the sink for energies. (refer to fig 1.3)Hence the orientation and alignment of these forces are prearranged in their zones of impact. Whereas the sub directions vis-a-vis North East, South East, North West and South West represent zones of confluence of two different (positive and negative) energy streams which are at right angles to each other. Any disturbance in the flow of these energies triggers turbulence in the flow of the energy which is aligned to the primary direction. The Vastu Pundits combined the positive north and east directions with the negative south and West to determine the effects of the sub directions. These directions were then associated with the positions of the deities depending on the results of the effects of the energies. North East + + residence of God North West + desirable direction South East + Not desirable direction South West residence of Demon ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.15 3. Scientific Approach to Vastu Below we will examine several examples which strongly stand for the fact that Vastu Shastra is based on solid scientific evidence and can be beneficial to the human race. The following Vastu Shastra rules can be easily misunderstood without a rational explanation. Rule 1. Each direction has a Presiding deity .Since Wealth God rules the North and the Sun God Aditya rules East direction, the window openings of the house and also the placement of the water tank should be in the North East direction to welcome the lord, who will then be pleased and will bless you with the healthy and prosperous life The scientific explanation to the above statement is as follows. The sun rises in the East and hence the suns rays emit more light and less heat .Sun rays in the morning are a rich source of vitamin D, which are A vital component in formation of healthy bone. Water is disinfected by UV rays, as the genetic material is altered in bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which destroys the harmful micro organisms example E. Coli. (Hwaa irfan, 2001). If UV exposure is dozed carefully, it has protective effects against cancer (Severn,2001 p.1). Various diseases are cured using the UV radiations, for example rickets, psoriasis, eczema and jaundice. So when one has openings in their house towards the East direction, it allows the early morning sun rays to enter the house and these are the ultra violet rays which when penetrate in the house and bestow their benefits keeping the inmates healthy and fit. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.16 A healthy and fit person can think and work more efficiently leading to a higher earning and a prosperous life. Now if the openings are created in the opposite direction, then it could be detrimental to the health, as the afternoon rays are the infra red rays, which are strong and harmful. Rule 2.The beds should be placed in such a way so as the head of the person should be in the south direction. The deity of death resides in the South, so one should not face this direction while sleeping, as it invites death. The explanation to the above statement can be found in the earth magnetism. The earths magnetic field runs from South Pole to north pole, so if you sleep in the same fashion then you are aligned with the magnetic flow .Now studies show that Human head and north are both positive poles (Ritu 1999) due to which they repel each other hence it is favourable to sleep with the head in the south for a sound sleep. Sleep disorder leads to a lot of health problems ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.17 Chapter 4.Contemporary Indian Architecture and Design 1. Ideal Vastu House In India a home is not just a shelter for human beings, it is called as Manushyalayawhich means human temple. As per Vastu both house and temple are sacred spaces so a house should be designed with the same concept as the temple. A house design with an open courtyard system was a national pattern of India before the introduction of the western concepts. The arrangement of the built spaces is the basis of creating a spiritual environment needed for the well being and prosperity. Figure shows an ideal layout of a perfectly square building with a superimposed modular Vastu grid of 9 x 9 forming 81 squares meant for a family. The centre space Brahmasthan is supposed to be the nuclear energy field which should be unbuilt and kept open to the sky to connect with the outer space Akasha. The central courtyard is not for the living purpose it can be used for cultural and religious rituals. The next rows of squares which are adjacent to the centre space are to be used for a walkway and the corner squares are to used for the specific rooms. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.18 Following are the directions with the deity that presides them and the specific rooms to be built respectively. (refer to fig 1.2) Direction Deity presiding the direction Suggested rooms North East Dharma(God of righteousness) Prayer room North Kubera (God of wealth) Living room North West Vayu (God of wind) Guest Bedroom, Toilet East Indra (God of Gods) Bathroom West Varuna (God of water) Childrens bedroom South Yama (God of Death) Store room South East Agni (God of Fire) Kitchen and dining room South West Niruthi (Goddess of demons) Master bedroom 2. Case study of a contemporary Vastu House Vastu House By Khosla Associates in Bangalore, India The space planning in this house was designed in harmony with the Vastu orientation and placement concept called Vastu Purusha Mandala . ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.19 To design within dictated predetermined rigid locations specified as per Vastu yet to arrive at a visually stunning and aesthetic architecture was the biggest challenge of this project. Rising lazily from the North East which was the lowest point to South East which was the highest point of the house, it was built on soft split levels. The trees in the open courtyard are beautifully weaved in its linear horizontal and cantilevered roof .The massive stretch of glass blur the spatial boundaries between enclosed space of the house and the open space of the garden.As one strolls down the open living spaces one can experience a sense of infinity, these spaces are divided with sliding bifold doors and certain spaces do not have any barrier at all. All the main areas were positioned as per Vastu Shastra. The Master bedroom is located in the Earth Zone (South West), the location of the kitchen is in the fire zone (South East) and in the zone of water and air (North and North East) was placed the swimming pool. The main door was in the North East and the Childrens bedroom was in the West. Even the position the staircase, the orientation of the bed, study table and wardrobe and position in the bathroom lavatories were designed in accordance of Vastu principles and the flow of the energy. The location of this house is strategically placed near a busy street; a small in-house office for the Master of the house is positioned near the main road. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.20 The entrance to the office is covered by the canopy of some old trees one makes a way paving through them. These trees act as a visual barrier to the rushing traffic on the main road. The black steps which are carved from a local granite leads one from the spacious living room into the courtyard which is open to sky, perched in the centre are some ornamental trees .The roof is cladded with local Mangalore tiles. The support for the roof is hand carved stone columns which are innovative and functional and carry the load of the roof through the diagonal steel struts. Taking advantage of the beautiful climate the dining table is placed in a semi-outdoor space. The first floor which is accessed through a wooden staircase has a large sitting area with a fitness centre. The bathroom has huge glass windows with lots of natural light leading to a massive walk in closet. There is an interesting amalgamation of luxury and Vastu exposed concrete ceiling with rough stone steps and court gravel with polished concrete floors contrast well with fine teak furniture, italian marble and silk and satin furnishings. The park looks interesting with the lap pool on side and on the other side a large rough cut log forming an outdoor dining table to dine under the shades of the giant banyan tree! This is a classic example to show that a house built with Vastu rules does not restrict the creativity of a designer instead presents a challenge to achieve the spiritual atmosphere within a concrete beauty! ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.21 Conclusion To sum up the argument of this dissertation, Vastu Shastra has fascinated some and irritated others but it has intrigued everybody (Gandhi 2006) The first chapter explains the laws of Indian architecture and clarifies its fundamental concepts. The second chapter explains the misconception of terming Vastu an occult by rational and scientific method. The third chapter throws light on the metaphysical aspect of Vastu Shastra. The fourth chapter explains an ideal Vastu layout with the help of a case study. The dissertation with the help of scientific proven facts clarifies the wrong image of Vastu Shastra and encourages the Architects and Interior Designers to have an open mind and look at the insights of Vastu Shastra instead to writing it off in the name of occult practise. Todays Architects and Designers can take the responsibility to educate this science to the common man (Sarkar 2007) The building science has its presence all over the world in different forms and they all have their own principles. From Vitruvius theory to Feng Shui to Vastu Shastra all these sciences are from different parts of the world but they all have the same message. The main purpose of building science is to lay down some guidelines for the architects to design building in harmony with the nature and taking advantage of the prevailing natural gifts of sunlight, wind, cosmic energy and to make a habitat which is beneficial to the inhabitants and make their life happy and prosperous. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.22 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. CHAKRABARTI, V., 1998.Indian Architectural Theory. London: Curson. 2. DWIVEDI, B., 2004. Sampuran vastu shastra. New Delhi: Diamond pocket books. 3. GAUTAM, J., 2006.Latest vastu shastra (some secrets). New Delhi: Shakti Malik. 4. MALGRAVE, I. AND FRANCIS, H., 2006.Arhitectural Theory. Oxford: Blackwell publishing. 5. PATRA, R., 2006. A comparative study on vastu shastra and Heideggers, building dwelling and thinking. Asian philosophy, 16(3), 199-218. 6. SAHASRABUDHE, N.H. AND MAHATME, R.D., 2000.Mystic science of vastu. Slough: New Dawn press. 7. SARKAR, B. , 2008.A practical approach to vastu shastra. New Delhi: Atlantic publishers. 8. SINHA, A., 1998.Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras. Journal of cultural geography, 17(2), 20. ______________________________________________________________________________ A n g e l a G o n s a l v e s Page.23

An Inconvenient Turth Essay

My reason for picking this topic is, because I would like to know more about global warming. What are the real danger`s that we are facing due to global warming? What can we do to stop the exceeding rapid rates of global warming? I would like to imform other about the new knowledge that I obtain on the subect of globle warming. Al Gore tell how people use to Think about global warming that the world was big enough and we would never have a problem. He also describes global warming as when the sun`s radiation comes in, in the form of light waves passing through earth atmosphere to heat the earth,and then it is re-radiated back into space in the form of infrared radiation, and some of the out going infrared radiation is trapped by the earth atmosphere and warms it. This thin layer of atmosphere is being thicken by all of the global warming pollution that`s being put up there. He speaks of Mr. Roger Revelle as the first person to propose measuring carbon dioxide in the earth`s atmosphere. After the first years of data he intuited what it meant for what was to come. He and a team of other designed the experiment in 1957 with the help of Mr. Charles David Keeling. they started sending these weather balloons up every day. The results of his measurements after only a few years it was startling. He drew the connections between the larger changes in our civilization, and this pattern that was now visible in the atmosphere of the entire plant, and then he projected into then future where this was headed unless we make some adjustments. Mount Kilimanjaro had icecaps 30 years ago. and now it has all melted. Mr. Lonnie Thompson, studies glaciers, and predicts there will be no more snows of Kilimanjaro within the next decade. Its also is happening in Glacier National Park, and all around the world the ice is now gone. He mentions about CO2 and temperature, when there is more carbon dioxide, the temperature gets warmer. He speak of this not so much as a political issue,but a moral issue. It is deeply unethical. He had a lots of faith in the democratic system that these finding would be compelling enough to cause a real change but they were n`t. He speak about when the oceans get warmer that cause stronger storms leading to a lots of big hurricanes and a all time record in the U.S. of tornado, and in Japan record set for typhoons. He contribute the changing of the season to global warming and changing nature plans. He also says that the burning of forests and brush fires causes more co2 to be pit into the air.what all of this means is our ability to a have a future to live in the earth. I really enjoy the movie The movie was very informing I got a better idea about what is happening around the world. I agree with Al Gore something must be done. It was amazing to me about how everything connect together like a domino effect. I picture in my mind how all these great mountains all around us is melting which is changing the temperature of the sea, which cause many of the world`s disaster by storms. Man is destroying himself. It makes me think can we go back where their was not a lots of invention that polluted our air. Can we truly find a solution to this mas, mass, mass, problem are have we went to far of no return. I think about the air we breathe and the water we drink. I remember only about 40 yrs.ago when I was ten years old, my grandmother showed me where I could drink out a spring it was so clean and beautiful and fresh tasting, I hate to think if I when back there to drink what kind of substance would be in that water now. Everything is being effected our food, the animal niches,and season is changing we can`t tell winter from fall or spring from summer and the insects can`t tell neither. If we have gone to far to stop all the problems, why not do, what we can do, to correct what we can, for the future of our life on the earth.

Get the Scoop on Business Plan Before Youre Too Late

Get the Scoop on Business Plan Before You're Too Late Usually, a business program is longer than a list on a napkin (although, since you'll see below, it's possibleand sometimes idealto write your whole small business plan on a single page). Now you know the way to use a sample business plan that will help you compose a plan for your company, it's time to get the most suitable one. In a variety of ways, your small business plan is your map. Every business plan involves these components that are key aspects in earning your company plan fuller and more effective. Here's What I Know About Business Plan Your business plan should incorporate a summary of the types of advertising you want to shell out money on. Many ideas showcasing simple small business plans are seen on the webpage. You are able to visit our small small business encyclopedia to find out more about business plans or our FormNet region to find the essential forms to begin. At the peak of the webpage, right under y our company name, include a one-sentence summary of your business that sums up the essence of what you're doing. In order for virtually any business to be successful today, it should have a superior set of business strategies in place that have been developed and executed in the appropriate method. During its heart, a business program is simply a plan for how your company is going to work, and the way you're likely to make it succeed. Your small business program will be beneficial in a range of means. Contemplating that business plans serve many unique purposes, it's not surprising that they are available in many distinct forms. The Pain of Business Plan Your solution is the solution or service which you anticipate offering to your customers. The plan can help you examine the business, customers, competitors, opportunities and threats. The very first part of your promotion program will cover how you're positioning your organization and your products or services offering. ''.. . a fantastic business program can help make a great business credible, understandable, and attractive to someone who's unfamiliar with the business enterprise. An excellent small business plan template is able to help you get your thoughts organized. There is nothing more critical to a brand-new farm business than an excellent farm business program. Whether you're just beginning your small business or you're searching to acquire serious about a business you've run for quite a while now, you want a business program. Any individual wanting to begin a business are normally confronted with the dilemma of producing business program. There are more than a few reasons why your company may be uniquely qualified to be successful. If you know your company and are passionate about any of this, writing a business program and then leveraging your plan for growth will be not quite as challenging as you might think. Your executive summary should explain what your business does, wherever your business currently stands, where you need to take your company in 3 to 5 decades, and why you will be prosperous. Be certain to define provide a review of the way the company is owned too. As your company grows, you are going to probably find variations that ought to be incorporated into the business program. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Business Plan The format of a company plan depends upon its presentation context. Every business has some type of competition and it's crucial to deliver a synopsis in your executive summary. A business program isn't intended to be a static document. Your organization program must also have information regarding your planned organizational structure. Paradoxically, creating a business plan is one of the most essential steps toward making your company and establishing its credibility, yet many entrepreneurs appear to ignore researching how to develop one. A ll entrepreneurs have a vision of where they wish to select the company in the future if they're successful. As part of your advertising program, you may rely on working closely with a different company in a sort of partnership. Your business program isn't a static document, it's something that you should revisit and update as your organisation grows. Project plans, sometimes called project frameworks, describe the goals of a certain project. On the opposite end of the spectrum, a plan that's destined for the desk of a top venture capitalist is going to have high level of polish and will concentrate on the high-growth elements of the company and the experienced team that's going to deliver stunning outcomes.

The Friendship Of Two Black Women By Toni Morrison Essay

Toni Morrison’s novel is about the friendship of two black women, and how they and others live with the challenge social circumstances in Ohio during 1920s to 1960s. Throughout the story, Morrison encourages black women should overcome hardships and traumatic experiences to become independent and self-determined when they face racism, sexism, and poverty. The paper is using social work lens to examine how African-American history affects U.S social welfare. To be honestly, learning American history is not easy to me. However, becoming a social worker in America, I need to build up the solid foundation of knowing the history of U.S. social welfare, so that I can provide the professional practice to serve people in need. I am grade that I can choose a historical novel to gain more understanding of social welfare. Because I am not familiar with African-American history and its culture, I think Toni Morrison’ novel Sula can bring me into the adventure of America in early 20th century. Toni Morrison, the first black woman to receive Nobel Prize in Literature, has published many novels since 1970. The majority of the characters in her novel are female. Sula is her second novel punished in 1973. Summary of the historical novel: Plot and main characters In the novel Sula, Toni Morrison describes how women live in difficult lives in the black community of Medallion, Ohio. The black women struggle with racism and sexism in 1920s to 1960s. The story opens with the prologueShow MoreRelatedMorrisons View on Gender in the Black Community Between 1919 and 19651362 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Sula†, Toni Morrison presents a very different view on gender in the black community between 1919 and 1965. Written in 1973 after the Civil Rights movement and during the feminist movement, Morison breaks down the traditional gender barriers from as early as 1919, proving that black females were â€Å"women† much sooner than their white â€Å"lady† counterparts. Morrison depicts matriarchal homes where the women are the dominant figures who even go as far as to emasculate their male oppositesRead MoreFriendship in Sula Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesFriendship in Sula In Sula, Toni Morrison questions what true friendship is by putting Nel Wright and Sula Peace’s friendship to the test. Morrison tests the phrase â€Å"opposites attract† in this novel. Nel and Sula have two different personalities yet they are able to compliment each other. They are opposites in the way that they relate to other people, and to the world around them. Nel is rational and balanced; she gets married and gives in to conformity and the town’s expectations. SulaRead MoreBlack People and Roberta S Race Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesForgery of a Friendship Toni Morrison uses class codes to describe the main characters in her short story, â€Å"Recitatif.† Morrison made it a point to not use racial codes. Within doing this she is â€Å"forced as a writer not to be lazy† (Shappell). In the interview with Shappell, Morrison explains that the two girls are different races, one white and one black. The catch is that you are not sure which one is white and which one is black. The style is used to make the reader think. Morrison had to writeRead MoreRacism In Ralph Ellison1659 Words   |  7 Pages Racism in Toni Morrison’s and Ralph Ellison’s Works As generations have passed, society has become less and less racist. From a young age, many children are taught to celebrate diversity. This instills a sense of being able to love everyone, regardless of skin color or race. But a little over half a century ago, it was a completely different story. There was segregation present in buses, water fountains, and even bathrooms; this was all due to assumptions people made, just based on someone else’sRead MoreEssay on Paradise by Toni Morrison1825 Words   |  8 PagesParadise by Toni Morrison Throughout many of Toni Morrison?s novels, the plot is built around some conflict for her characters to overcome. Paradise, in particular, uses the relationships between women as a means of reaching this desired end. Paradise, a novel centered around the destruction of a convent and the women in it, supports this idea by showing how this building serves as a haven for dejected women (Smith). The bulk of the novel takes place during and after WWII and focuses on anRead MoreSula1108 Words   |  5 PagesNovel Study – Sula    Sula by Toni Morrison highlights the themes and expectations that we have been discussing throughout the course. This story illustrates the community expectations for women. A strong basis for a thesis statement for the book Sula could be betrayal. Betrayal in the novel Sula is the central theme that changes the course of life for all characters involved. One example of betrayal happens when Sula sleeps with Nel’s husband. Another basis for a thesis statement could be aRead MoreA Relationship Between A White And A Black Mother1313 Words   |  6 Pagesexpected to mirror the life of her mother, there is a mother daughter relationship or fate depiction. Barbary and Desdemona suffered the same fate – both died from/for love, they enjoy stories and music. It is unclear if Morrison is trying to make a comparison between a white and a black mother (the latter is usually reputed to be not-so-good-mothers, especially in American culture). It is challenging to separate race issue in the events of this play. Desdemona tells Barbary that she is color blind whenRead MoreBiography of Toni Morrison1620 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrison Born on February 18, 1931, in Lorain, Ohio, Toni Morrison is a Nobel Prize- and Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist, editor and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue and richly detailed black characters. Among her best known novels are The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon and Beloved. Morrison has won nearly every book prize possible. She has also been awarded honorary degrees. Early Career Born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931, in LorainRead MoreEssay On Sex And Race In Toni Morrisons Sula1201 Words   |  5 PagesSex and Race Toni Morrison’s Sula, is a powerful novel surrounded around the lives of black female characters and how their day to day lives help shape the community around them. Morrison depicts the struggles of gender, friendship, and suffering through the lives of these characters. Most importantly, she tells a story about â€Å"The Bottom† (which was a black community) and how these characters struggled with prejudices and racism from the wealthier community â€Å"The Medallion.† Morrison incorporationRead MoreTheme Of Race In Toni Morrisons Recitatif1504 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrisons, Recitatif is a well written story in the sense that it supplies the reader with the satisfaction of a story in itself, but also attracts the reader into doing a more in-depth search into the mystery found within the short story. This mystery revolves around the question of the race of the main character, Twyla, as Morrison does an astounding job of balancing both sides of the argum ent. While discussing it in our class, I can see why we would start with this story. The idea that